LLM Monitoring and Observability: Metrics, Traces, and Alerts

Introduction: LLM applications are notoriously difficult to debug. Unlike traditional software where errors are obvious, LLM issues manifest as subtle quality degradation, unexpected costs, or slow responses. Proper observability is essential for production LLM systems. This guide covers monitoring strategies: tracking latency, tokens, and costs; implementing distributed tracing for complex chains; structured logging for debugging; […]

Read more →

Building the Modern Data Stack: How Spark, Kafka, and dbt Transformed Data Engineering

The data engineering landscape has undergone a fundamental transformation over the past decade. What once required massive Hadoop clusters has evolved into a sophisticated ecosystem of specialized tools: Kafka for ingestion, Spark for processing, and dbt for transformation. Modern Data Stack Architecture The Paradigm Shift: Monolithic → Modular The old approach centered around monolithic platforms […]

Read more →

AI Governance Frameworks: Implementing Responsible AI

Three years ago, our AI system made a biased hiring decision that cost us a major client and damaged our reputation. We had no governance framework, no oversight, no accountability. After implementing comprehensive AI governance across 15+ projects, I’ve learned what works. Here’s the complete guide to implementing responsible AI governance frameworks. Figure 1: Comprehensive […]

Read more →

Case Study: ePrescribing in EU and Ireland – A Solution Architect’s Guide to FHIR-Based Electronic Prescription Systems

Electronic prescribing (ePrescribing) is transforming medication management across Europe and Ireland, replacing error-prone paper prescriptions with secure digital workflows. This comprehensive case study examines the regulatory landscape, FHIR-based implementation patterns, enterprise architecture decisions, and practical guidance for building compliant ePrescribing systems in the European context. 📚 HEALTHCARE INTEROPERABILITY SERIES This article is part of a […]

Read more →

FHIR Subscriptions: Building Real-Time Event-Driven Healthcare Apps

🏥 HEALTHCARE INTEROPERABILITY SERIES This article is part of a comprehensive series on healthcare data standards and interoperability. HL7 v2: The Messaging Standard That Powers Healthcare IT Building GDPR-Compliant FHIR APIs: A European Healthcare Guide EMR Modernization: Migrating from Legacy HL7 v2 to FHIR HL7 v3: Understanding RIM and Why v3 Failed to Replace v2 […]

Read more →